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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Eder- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to follow face="Times New Roman Star"ñëåäîâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"eder- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ed|er- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ija"r- face="Times New Roman Star"eja"r- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ezer- face="Times New Roman Star"ejer- face="Times New Roman Star"izert- face="Times New Roman Star"jer- face="Times New Roman Star"eder- face="Times New Roman Star"ijer- face="Times New Roman Star"i>ja"r- face="Times New Roman Star"ijer- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 67, VEWT 36, ÝÑÒß 1, 242-245, Åãîðîâ 61-62. face="Times New Roman Star"*dy:d- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to hinder, obstruct face="Times New Roman Star"ïðåïÿòñòâîâàòü, çàäåðæèâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"tyd- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tyd|- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"tyj- face="Times New Roman Star"tyj- (Sangl. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"tij- face="Times New Roman Star"dyj-, dy:-g|y 'stop' face="Times New Roman Star"tys- face="Times New Roman Star"tijin- 'to restrain (oneself)' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar- face="Times New Roman Star"ty:t- 'touch' face="Times New Roman Star"ty:t- 'touch' face="Times New Roman Star"tyj- face="Times New Roman Star"tyj- face="Times New Roman Star"tyj- face="Times New Roman Star"tyj- face="Times New Roman Star"tyj- face="Times New Roman Star"tyj- face="Times New Roman Star"tyj- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 477, EDT 450, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 36, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 391, Stachowski 239. face="Times New Roman Star"*o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to pass by, pass through face="Times New Roman Star"ïðîõîäèòü ìèìî, ïðîõîäèòü ÷åðåç face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- (Pav. C. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"o.t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"ju"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"vit- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"`t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"u"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 39, VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 554-555. face="Times New Roman Star"*buk- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to lie in ambush 2 to hide face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñèäåòü â çàñàäå 2 ïðÿòàòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"buq- (Pav. C. : Abu-l-Gazi) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"biq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"buq- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"k- 2 (Ïåê. ) face="Times New Roman Star"buq- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"buq- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"buq- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"buq- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"buq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 248. face="Times New Roman Star"*ju":l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be mad, crazy 2 anger 3 to be sexually excited face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñõîäèòü ñ óìà 2 ãíåâ 3 áûòü â ñîñòîÿíèè ïîëîâîãî âîçáóæäåíèÿ face="Times New Roman Star"d/u"l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s/il@ 2 face="Times New Roman Star"su":l- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 213, ÝÑÒß 4, 33. Chuv. > Hung. gyu?lo"l 'be angry'. Forms like Kirgh. z?|o":lu"-, Uygh. z?|o"lu"- 'to go mad, speak in one's sleep' are obviously < Mong. z?|eg|u"le-, but the Chuv. and Yak. forms, as well as the Oyr. form d/u"l- seem to be archaic. face="Times New Roman Star"*tu"t- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to quarrel face="Times New Roman Star"ññîðèòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tu"s?- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tu"s?- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tu"s?- (MKypch. - Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"te- 'be angry at smb.' face="Times New Roman Star"t@t@r- 'to scold' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 507, EDT 462 (if not a metaphor for *tu"t- 'to fume'). face="Times New Roman Star"*o"d-ku"n- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to imitate face="Times New Roman Star"ïîäðàæàòü, èìèòèðîâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"o"tgu"n- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"jku"n- (Pav. C. ), o"tgu"n- (Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"jku"n- face="Times New Roman Star"o"kten- face="Times New Roman Star"u"tu"gu"n- face="Times New Roman Star"u"tu"gu"n- face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"n- face="Times New Roman Star"etkin- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 52, VEWT 368, ÝÑÒß 1, 515-516, Stachowski 254. face="Times New Roman Star"*u":t face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hole face="Times New Roman Star"äûðà face="Times New Roman Star"u"t (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"t (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"t face="Times New Roman Star"u"t face="Times New Roman Star"hi:.t face="Times New Roman Star"u":t face="Times New Roman Star"u":t face="Times New Roman Star"u"t face="Times New Roman Star"u"t face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 36, VEWT 524, ÝÑÒß 1, 639-640, Stachowski 255. face="Times New Roman Star"*to"r/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 foundation, root 2 origin, ancestors face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðåíü 2 ïðîèñõîæäåíèå, îñíîâàíèå, ðîä, ïðåäêè face="Times New Roman Star"to"z (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to"z (MK , KB ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"to"z 1 ('root of the ear' - Sangl. ), 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 'original spirits', to"s-te- 'to lay ground' face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 2, to"s-tu"k 'tree trunk' face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 2; 'shrub; original spirits' face="Times New Roman Star"tu"re 'object of dedication; spirit' face="Times New Roman Star"to"ru"t 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to"ru"t face="Times New Roman Star"do"s 1, 2, 'shrub' face="Times New Roman Star"do"s, to"s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"to"z, to"s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 495, TMN 2, 612, EDT 571, Ëåêñèêà 109, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 264, Stachowski 228. face="Times New Roman Star"*a>dal/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"friend, companion face="Times New Roman Star"äðóã, òîâàðèù face="Times New Roman Star"adas? (OUygh. - Buddh., Man.) face="Times New Roman Star"ad|as? (MK , KB ), ajas? (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"atas face="Times New Roman Star"ajas? face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 5, EDT 72. A hypothesis about *adal/ < (compound) at-dal/ with 'name' as the first component is impossible (in that case we would expect *atal/ and 'namesake' as the earliest meaning). The form attas? is attested since MTurk.: attas? 'namesake' (Tefs. ), adas? 'namesake' (Chag. Sangl. ), atas? 'namesake' (CCum. ) - and contaminates with *adal/. Modern languages for the most part reflect the compound, see ÝÑÒß I 203-204. Cf. Tuva a'das?ky-lar 'a father with his children' ("namesakes"; NB: pharyngealization as a reflex of *-t-). A possible reflex of *adal/ is Chuv. ural-a-s?- 'to agree about acquiring smth. collectively, together' and ural-a-n- 'to form a light circle (of astronomical bodies)': both are semantically quite far from ura-la-n- 'to recover'. face="Times New Roman Star"*KEdir- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to skin (a sheep) 2 to scrape on a washboard (while washing) face="Times New Roman Star"1 îáäèðàòü (îâöó) 2 øàðêàòü ïðè ñòèðêå áåëüÿ î áåëüåâóþ äîñêó face="Times New Roman Star"ked|ir- 1, ked|r-il- (pass.), ked|r-is?- (coop.), ked|r-im 'skinned meat' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kidire- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 705. Yak. kedere:n 'scraper' is rather < Mong., see Ëåêñèêà 380. face="Times New Roman Star"*Akan/a face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 gull 2 white partridge face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÷àéêà 2 êóðîïàòêà face="Times New Roman Star"ag|aja, ag|ajan| (Sag., Kach.) 'a k. of bird' face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ag|anaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 9. face="Times New Roman Star"*A>lan|yr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of rat, jerboa face="Times New Roman Star"âèä êðûñû, òóøêàí÷èê face="Times New Roman Star"alan|yr (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"alan|g|arat 'gros rat' (Pav. C. 30) face="Times New Roman Star"alaqa 'gopher', alan|n|yrt 'field mouse' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 149. face="Times New Roman Star"*kel/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 skin 2 gall between camel's front legs face="Times New Roman Star"1 øêóðà 2 ïîòåðòîñòü ìåæäó ïåðåäíèìè íîãàìè âåðáëþäà face="Times New Roman Star"kes?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ke's? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 60-61 (joining this root with kes? 'quiver' is hardly possible). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyna face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"helminth face="Times New Roman Star"ãëèñò face="Times New Roman Star"xyna face="Times New Roman Star"qyna face="Times New Roman Star"qyna 'âðåäèòåëü õëåáíûõ çëàêîâ' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264. face="Times New Roman Star"*ark face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"excrement face="Times New Roman Star"íàâîç, ýêñêðåìåíòû face="Times New Roman Star"arq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"Kypch. arq (Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"arq (À-Á) face="Times New Roman Star"aryx face="Times New Roman Star"harq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 213, VEWT 26. face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"gde ( ? -o"-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"dagger face="Times New Roman Star"êèíæàë face="Times New Roman Star"bu"/o"gde (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"/o"gde (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 325, TMN 2, 294-295, Ëåêñèêà 566. Turk. > Pers. bogda 'big knife'. face="Times New Roman Star"*budur- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"quail face="Times New Roman Star"ïåðåïåëêà face="Times New Roman Star"budursyn (MK ); bujurc?un, bujurc?yn (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"(pudurc?un, pu"du"rc?u"n) face="Times New Roman Star"púw|rz?|úgan 'wagtail' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 309, Ëåêñèêà 173, ÝÑÒß 2, 305-306. The root was strongly influenced by *byldur- (q. v. sub *pi_o>/ltorV ); this explains the Khak. form (one would expect puzur-). face="Times New Roman Star"*bogar/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pregnant (of animals) face="Times New Roman Star"áåðåìåííàÿ (î æèâîòíûõ) face="Times New Roman Star"buwaz face="Times New Roman Star"(to"l) bog|az (Oghuz-nama); bog|az, bog|uz (MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu.g|o|z face="Times New Roman Star"bog|az face="Times New Roman Star"bog|az (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"bog|az face="Times New Roman Star"po:s face="Times New Roman Star"poos face="Times New Roman Star"poos face="Times New Roman Star"buos face="Times New Roman Star"buos face="Times New Roman Star"boos face="Times New Roman Star"booz face="Times New Roman Star"buwaz face="Times New Roman Star"buwaz face="Times New Roman Star"bywad| face="Times New Roman Star"buwaz face="Times New Roman Star"buwaz face="Times New Roman Star"buwaz face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 78, ÝÑÒß 2, 169, Stachowski 67. Turk. > WMong. bog|us, Kalm. bo:s (KW 54), Dag. bo:s (Òîä. Äàã. 127), see Clark 1980 , 39. face="Times New Roman Star"*bokana face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"false ribs face="Times New Roman Star"ëîæíûå ðåáðà face="Times New Roman Star"pog|ana face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ono so"o"k face="Times New Roman Star"boqono face="Times New Roman Star"bug|ana (su"jek) face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ana (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 305, Ëåêñèêà 275.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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